Plant Transformation
نویسنده
چکیده
The development of methods for the introduction of novel or altered genes into plants has led to a revolution in plant research and plant breeding. Not only has this allowed detailed studies of the regulation and function of plant genes, but it has also led to the development of genetically modified crops. Nowadays large areas, especially in the USA, are in use for the cultivation of such crops, including genetically modified cotton, corn and soybean. Most of these crops provide enhanced productivity due to their resistance to insects or herbicides, for instance.Other crops are being developed with novel genes that result in improved quality; for example, flowers with novel colours or prolonged vase life, potatoes with optimized starch composition, rice grain with provitamin A to prevent vitaminAdeficiency in the diet, and plants that can be used as edible vaccines. For each of these plant species methods have been developed by which they can be transformed. However, for many species or important cultivars this technology is not optimal yet, and therefore studies on plant transformation are continuing. Plant transformation relies on the totipotency of (certain) plant cells: single, somatic plant cells or gametophytic cells can be regenerated into complete, fertile plants by treatment with appropriate phytohormone regimes. In order to obtain transgenic plants it is essential that such totipotent cells are transformed. Several methods are available for transformation (Figure 1): the choice among these is sometimes dictated by the target plant, sometimes by their ease of use, and, in the case of commercial applications, often by patent restrictions.
منابع مشابه
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